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N N PPPPP SSSSS
NN N P P S Nominal
N N N P P S
N N N PPPPP SSSS Pipe
N N N P S
N NN P S Size
N N P SSSSS
Piping Database
Version 2.1
for Windows (tm)
Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994
Herne Data Systems Ltd.
PO Box 250
Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0
CANADA
Voice or FAX (519) 366-2732
CompuServe 72060,1153
(NPSW.DOC: v2.1 94-03-01)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE FINE PRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
REGISTRATION BENEFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
REGISTRATION AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT ADDRESS . . . . . . . iii
COMPUSERVE SHAREWARE REGISTRATION SERVICE . . . . . . . iii
ASP OMBUDSMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
PRINTING THE DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
MAKING A BACKUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
INSTALLING N P S UNDER WINDOWS 3.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
RUNNING N P S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
MENU OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DATA FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
NPS.DTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
NPS.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
APPENDIX A: CALCULATION METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
APPENDIX B: VERSION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
i
THE FINE PRINT
DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT
Users of N P S for Windows must accept this disclaimer of
warranty:
"N P S for Windows is supplied as is. The author disclaims
all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without
limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness
for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for
damages, direct or consequential, which may result from the
use of N P S for Windows."
N P S for Windows is a "shareware program" and is provided at no
charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with
your friends, but it must not be altered in any way or included
as part of another system without the express prior written
consent of Herne Data Systems Ltd.. The essence of "user-
supported" software is to provide personal computer users with
quality software without high prices, and yet to provide
incentive for programmers to continue to develop new products.
If you find this program useful and find that you continue to use
N P S for Windows after a 30 day trial period, you must make a
registration payment of $29.95 (US), $32.95 (CDN) (plus $2
postage) to Herne Data Systems Ltd. Cheque, money order, VISA
credit card, and corporate, government and institutional purchase
orders are accepted. The single user registration fee will
license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time.
You must treat this software just like a book. An example is
that this software may be used by any number of people and may be
freely moved from one computer location to another, so long as
there is no possibility of it being used at one location while
it's being used at another. Just as a book cannot be read by two
different persons at the same time.
Corporate, government and institutional users of N P S for
Windows must register and pay for their copies of N P S for
Windows within 30 days of first use or their license is
withdrawn. Unlimited user Site Licenses are available for $100
(US) or $120 (CDN) directly from Herne Data Systems Ltd.
Any individual, corporation or institution distributing N P S for
Windows for any kind of remuneration must first contact Herne
Data Systems Ltd. at the address below for authorization. This
authorization will be granted automatically to distributors
recognized by the ASP as adhering to its guidelines for shareware
distributors, and such distributors may begin offering N P S for
Windows immediately (However Herne Data Systems Ltd. must still
be advised so that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with
the latest version of N P S for Windows).
ii
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
You are encouraged to pass a copy of N P S for Windows along to
your friends for evaluation. Please encourage them to register
their copy if they find that they can use it.
NOTE: This program requires Windows 3.0 or later. Windows is
a trade mark of Microsoft Corp.
REGISTRATION BENEFITS
IF YOU HAVE ALREADY REGISTERED, THANK YOU!
All registered users will receive a copy of the latest version of
the N P S for Windows system, along with free technical support
and updates for 90 days. Registered users can also update to
later versions (beyond the initial 90 day free support period)
for a nominal update fee of $5.00 plus $2.00 postage and
handling.
If you have the piping specifications for a material which is not
included in the data file, please forward it to us at the address
listed below. If we include it in the next version, we will send
you a free update.
REGISTRATION AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT ADDRESS
Please address all registration requests and customer support
inquiries to:
Herne Data Systems Ltd.,
PO Box 250, Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 CANADA
voice or FAX (519)366-2732
To register, complete the form contained in the file REGISTER.DOC
and send it with your check, money order or VISA card info to the
above address. For faster service, you can FAX your registration
form with VISA card info to us at (519) 366-2732.
Technical support can also be obtained on CompuServe by directing
inquiries to 72060,1153; or on the Internet to herne@wbb.com.
COMPUSERVE SHAREWARE REGISTRATION SERVICE
N P S Win can now be registered using the CompuServe shareware
registration database. This service lets you pay for shareware
registrations through your CompuServe account. After logging in
to CompuServe, type GO SWREG and follow the on screen prompts.
iii
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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The database registration ID number for N P S Win is 435. A
registered copy of the latest version of N P S Win will be
shipped directly to you from Herne Data Systems Ltd.
ASP OMBUDSMAN
This program is produced by a member of the Association of
Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the
shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve
a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the
member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can
help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but
does not provide technical support for members' products. Please
write to the ASP Ombudsman at: 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI
49442 USA or send a Compuserve message via easyplex to ASP
Ombudsman 70007,3536
DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE
Shareware distribution gives users a chance to try software
before buying it. If you try a Shareware program and continue
using it after a reasonable evaluation period, you are expected
to register. Individual programs differ on details -- some
request registration while others require it, some specify a
maximum trial period. With registration, you get anything from
the simple right to continue using the software to an updated
program with printed manual.
Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software,
and the copyright holder retains all rights, with a few specific
exceptions as stated below. Shareware authors are accomplished
programmers, just like commercial authors, and the programs are
of comparable quality. (In both cases, there are good programs
and bad ones!) The main difference is in the method of
distribution. The author specifically grants the right to copy
and distribute the software, either to all and sundry or to a
specific group. For example, some authors require written
permission before a commercial disk vendor may copy their
Shareware.
Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. You
should find software that suits your needs and pocketbook,
whether it's commercial or Shareware. The Shareware system makes
fitting your needs easier, because you can try before you buy.
And because the overhead is low, prices are low also. Shareware
has the ultimate money-back guarantee -- if you don't use the
product, you don't pay for it.
iv
N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
How big is a six inch pipe? If you guessed six inches, you would
be wrong. For many engineers, engineering students, plumbers,
and other professionals, this is a tough question, but one which
needs and answer (usually immediately or sooner!). Finding the
answer used to be a job in itself - searching through the
handbook tables only to discover that the material or size of
pipe you wanted was not listed in the table. Now there is N P S
for Windows, the user friendly computerized database of piping
information from Herne Data Systems Ltd. Written by a
professional engineer, N P S contains data on more than 3000
sizes and types of standard and specialty piping and tubing in
over 25 different materials including metals, plastics and
composites. (N P S is also available in a DOS version. Look for
the file PIPE2x.EXE or PIPE2x.ZIP on your favourite BBS or
shareware supplier).
By the way, the correct answer to the above question is - it
depends on the material and classification of the pipe.
N P S (Nominal Pipe Size) gives the user instant access to all
important piping parameters: true inside and outside diameters,
wall thickness, linear weight, cross sectional and surface areas,
moment of inertia, section modulus, radius of gyration and water
flow capacity in US, Imperial or metric units. The data have
been compiled from a number of international and industrial
standards.
The N P S for Windows program consists of a number of files as
listed below:
NPSW.EXE The main N P S program.
NPS.DTA The piping data file for the N P S program.
NPS.INI (Optional) contains the program default
information. If this file is not present, N P S
will use its own internal defaults of US units for
weights and dimensions, and the first material in
the NPS.DTA piping materials list.
NPSW.DOC This documentation file.
CATALOG.DOC Information on other shareware and commercial
software products available from Herne Data
Systems Ltd.
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REGISTER.DOC Shareware registration form. To register your
copy of NPSW, complete this form and mail along
with your check, money order or VISA card info.
If you have already registered, thank you.
UPDATE.DOC (Optional) contains information on new features or
enhancements since the last version.
PIPEW2.EXE A self extracting PKZIP file containing all of the
above files. You are encouraged to upload this
file to your favourite BBS.
Of the files listed above, only NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA are
absolutely required to run N P S. NPS.INI is created when you
save new program defaults.
* * * *
This documentation assumes that the reader is reasonably
familiar with the operation of his/her computer and
understands how to invoke simple MS-DOS and Windows
commands.
* * * *
N P S is part of the Engineering Applications and Reference
Series from Herne Data Systems Ltd. This series is designed to
give engineers, scientists and engineering students access to low
cost utilities catering to their technical specialty.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
N P S for Windows works on all MS-DOS compatible computers
running Microsoft Windows 3.0 or later. N P S works in all
Windows operating modes: real, standard or 386 enhanced. N P S
will run on any Windows supported network. Any Windows supported
display adaptor and pointing device can be used. A pointing
device is not required, but is recommended for ease of use. A
fast hard drive and plenty of RAM is not required but is
recommended for speedy operation of any Windows 3.x application.
PRINTING THE DOCUMENTATION
The NPSW.DOC documentation file is in ASCII text format, with no
embedded control codes except for carriage returns, line feeds
and page feeds. It can be printed on any standard dot matrix or
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N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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laser (non-PostScript) printer with the DOS COPY command:
COPY NPSW.DOC LPT1:
The text is formatted to print on either 8-1/2 x 11 inch letter
sized paper or metric A4 sized paper. You can also import the
text directly into most word processing programs for viewing or
printing. (Consult your word processing program users' guide for
details).
MAKING A BACKUP
Before using N P S for the first time, it is a good idea to make
a backup copy. On a two floppy drive system, this can be done
with a simple DOS COPY *.* command. On a hard drive system, you
may want to create a new subdirectory for N P S (with the command
MD NPSW) before copying the files.
When it is run, N P S will automatically load its data files from
the same subdirectory that the NPSW.EXE file is in. Therefore,
as a minimum the files NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA must be in the same
subdirectory. If NPS.INI is present, it must be located in the
same subdirectory also.
INSTALLING N P S UNDER WINDOWS 3.x
N P S is designed to run under Microsoft Windows (tm) version 3.0
or later, in any operating mode supported by your system (real,
standard or 386 enhanced). Installing N P S is a simple two step
manual process. Although it is not as flashy as some automatic
installation programs, the manual installation gives you complete
control over where N P S is installed and where it appears on
your Windows desktop. N P S will NOT modify the AUTOEXEC.BAT,
CONFIG.SYS, WIN.INI or SYSTEM.INI files, nor does it require you
to make any modifications.
N P S is installed directly from the Windows Program Manager, or
similar Windows desktop. (For installation using other Windows
desktops, such as Norton Desktop for Windows, consult your users'
guide.) After copying the N P S files to the appropriate sub-
directory on your hard drive,
1) Activate the window for the program group where you wish to
include N P S or create a new group for N P S from the
Program Manager with:
File
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N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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New
Program Group
OK
This will open the 'Program Group Properties' dialog box
requesting the details of the new program group: description
and group file. Type 'NPSW' in both edit boxes, then click
on OK.
2) Once the program group has been selected or created, click
the mouse on the following Program Manager sequence:
File
New
Program Item
OK
This will open 'Program Item Properties' dialog box
requesting the details of the program: description and
command line. Type 'NPSW v2.1' for the description and the
full path name for the command line (e.g. if you had the
NPSW.EXE program file in the subdirectory \NPSW on C: drive,
the full path would be C:\NPSW\NPSW). Then click on OK. If
the 'run minimized' option is checked, NPSW will load as an
icon when selected. For Windows 3.1, it is not necessary to
enter anything in the 'Working Directory' box.
The N P S icon should appear in the selected program group.
If it does not appear, or an error message is displayed,
check that you have specified the correct path and file name
in the Program Item Properties dialog box.
Installation is now complete.
RUNNING N P S
To run N P S, double click on the N P S icon from the program
manager. If the 'run minimized' option was checked during the
installation, N P S will initialize itself, then be minimized
into an icon. Normally, N P S will expand to fill the entire
screen after initialization. (Admittedly, N P S is a screen hog.
This is necessary to make sure all data can be displayed.)
The main window of N P S is a standard Windows program window
with a caption bar (including system menu box and minimize box),
menu bar and client area. The caption bar will display the name
of the currently selected material. The menu has 6 options:
File, Material, Units, Specifications, Calculator and Help. Each
item can be activated either by clicking with the mouse or by
pressing <Alt> and the first letter of the menu item (<Alt>-F,
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<Alt>-M, <Alt>-U, <Alt>-S, <Alt>-C or <Alt>-H). Clicking on the
MINIMIZE button will reduce N P S to an icon so you can run other
Windows applications, but still have quick access to N P S when
required.
The client area of the main N P S window displays a list box
containing the nominal pipe size (i.e. what the pipe is usually
called in catalogs and specifications), the class or schedule (a
code number that refers to the wall thickness of the pipe or
tube), and the true outside diameter (OD), inside diameter (ID),
and wall thickness dimensions for pipes or tubes of the selected
material. The nominal dimensions are always displayed in their
customary fashion (i.e. those found in catalog listings). The
actual dimensions can be displayed in either inches or
centimetres as selected from the UNITS menu. If the selected
material contains more entries than can be displayed on a single
screen, a vertical scroll bar will appear at the right edge of
the client area.
Most pipes are displayed as NPS (nominal pipe size, also called
IPS). Pipes and tubes are also classified by wall thickness. In
most cases, this will be a 'schedule' number (such as 40, 80,
160). Other designations are ST (standard wall); XS (extra
strong); and XX (double extra strong). These numbers all relate
to the thickness of the pipe or tube wall, and thus to its
pressure retaining ability. Some materials are classified by
pressure class, such as class 150 or class 250. Again these
numbers reflect the different wall thicknesses required to hold
these pressures. BWG numbers (Birmingham wire gauge) are often
used for tube wall thickness.
The <cursor up> and <cursor down> keys or the mouse can be used
to select the pipe size for detailed data display. The <cursor
up> and <cursor down> keys will move one line at a time. For
long lists, the scroll bar can be used to quickly move from one
end of the list to the other. The currently selected entry in
the list box will by highlighted.
MENU OPTIONS
The program options are selected using the menu:
File
Selecting 'File' from the main menu will pop up a sub-menu with
two items:
About will display a dialog box containing program version
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and copyright information.
Exit will quit N P S and return to the Windows desktop.
Materials
Most piping and tubing materials are available in a variety of
sizes. However, not all sizes are available in all materials and
some materials have non-standard sizing designations or other
special characteristics. Recognizing this, N P S allows the user
to select from among a list of common piping materials.
Selecting 'Materials' from the main menu will open the MATERIALS
dialog box. This dialog box will have a list of all materials
supported by the current data file version. The materials will
be listed in alphabetical order. The currently selected material
will be highlighted.
To select and display a new material, use the <cursor up> and
<cursor down> keys or click on the desired entry then click on OK
or press <Enter>; or double click on the desired entry in the
list box. To move quickly from one end of the list to the other,
you can use the scroll bar.
To save a material as the new system default, select the desired
material, then click on the SAVE button. This will record the
selected material in the NPS.INI file as the default for next
time N P S is started up. If the NPS.INI file does not exist,
one will be created in the same directory that the NPSW.EXE and
NPS.DTA files are located.
If you do not wish to change the currently displayed material,
click on CANCEL to return to the main window.
To display a help screen, click on the HELP button. A list of
currently supported materials and densities can be found on page
2 of the Materials Help screen. You can cycle through all of the
available help topics by clicking on the NEXT or PREV buttons in
the HELP dialog box. Click on the OK button to return to the
MATERIALS dialog box.
Units
NPS can display piping data in several different systems of
measurement. Choosing 'Units' from the main menu will open the
DISPLAY UNITS dialog box. The dimensional units can be selected
as US (pounds, inches, US gallons), UK-Imperial (pounds, inches,
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N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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Imperial gallons), or Metric (kilograms, centimetres, litres).
To SAVE the current defaults, click on the SAVE button. When you
save the defaults, N P S will automatically create the file
NPS.INI in the directory where the NPSW.EXE and NPS.DTA files
reside if it does not already exist.
If you do not wish to change the current set of display units,
click on the CANCEL button.
Specifications
Selecting 'Specifications' from the main menu will open the PIPE
SPECIFICATIONS dialog box displaying additional data for the
selected pipe size and material: weight per foot (pounds per foot
of length) or meter (kilograms per metre of length) of pipe;
cross sectional area of the bore and pipe wall (square inches or
square centimetres); inside and outside surface area of the wall
(square inches per foot of length or square centimetres per metre
of length); internal pipe volume (cubic inches per foot of length
or cubic centimetres per metre of length); section modulus
(inches ^ 3 or centimetres ^ 3); moment of inertia (inches ^ 4 or
centimetres ^ 4); radius of gyration (inches or centimetres); and
water flow capacity at 1 ft/s (or 1 m/s) in volumetric (gallons
per minute or litres per second) and mass units (pounds per hour
or kilograms per hour). The unit pipe weight is based on a
nominal density stored in the NPS.DTA file. The mass flow rate
is based on the density of water. Weights for other materials
can be calculated by changing the pipe material and fluid density
values on the piping calculator dialog box.
The dimensions can be displayed in either inch or centimetre
units; the weights can be displayed in either pounds or
kilograms and the flow volumes can be displayed in US gallons,
Imperial gallons, or litres, depending on the settings of the
system defaults (see Units menu item, above).
To display a help screen, click on the HELP button. (You can
cycle through all of the available help topics by clicking on the
NEXT or PREV buttons in the HELP dialog box. Click on the OK
button to return to the SPECIFICATIONS dialog box).
To open the CALCULATOR dialog, click on the CALC button. (To
exit the calculator, press the CLOSE button on the calculator
window).
To return to the main N P S window, press the OK button.
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N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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The specifications dialog box can also be opened by double
clicking on an entry in the piping size list, or by selecting an
entry and pressing the <Enter> key.
Calculator
N P S has a built in piping calculator that can perform
dimensional, flow, and mass calculations and unit conversions.
To access the calculator, select CALCULATOR from the main window,
or press the CALC... button in the SPECIFICATIONS dialog box.
The units for each display field can be set independently, with
automatic conversion of the result supplied by N P S. This
allows very flexible user input, without the need to pre-convert
values into consistant units. All calculations are performed
internally in inch-pound units, then converted to appropriate
units for display. A list of the unit conversion factors used is
given in Appendix A.
Examples:
Q: What is the total internal surface area (in square ft) and
weight (in kg) of a 10 ft length of 2" schedule 80 steel
pipe?
A: From the main menu, select MATERIALS. Choose STEEL PIPE
from the list box. From the main list of pipe sizes, double
click on the '2" schedule 80' entry. Next, press the
CALC... button in the SPECIFICATIONS dialog. Select 'ft'
from the PIPE LENGTH units drop down list box, 'ft^2' from
the INTERNAL SURFACE AREA units drop down list, and 'kg'
from the WEIGHT units drop down list.
Click the mouse on the PIPE LENGTH edit field, and type in
10. The results 5.07628 ft^2, and 22.7987 kg should be
displayed.
Q: Convert 165 US petroleum barrels/hr to cubic meters/minute.
A: Open the CALCULATOR dialog. Select 'Pt bbl/hr' from the
VOLUME FLOW units drop down list box. Type in 165 in the
VOLUME FLOW edit field. Select 'm^3/min' from the VOLUME
FLOW units drop down list box. The result 0.43729 m^3/min
should be displayed.
To save the current set of display units, press the SAVE button.
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N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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The next time you open the calculator dialog box, the same
combination of units will be used. The save button will also
save the current values of the PIPE LENGTH, PIPE DENSITY, FLUID
DENSITY and FLUID VELOCITY. All other display fields are
calculated from these basic values, combined with the pipe
specific dimensions (OD and wall thickness) of the currently
selected pipe type and size.
To restore the display units and basic values to internal
defaults, press the RESET button. Note, if you wish to make the
reset "stick" (i.e. appear the next time you open the
calculator), you must press the SAVE button after the RESET
button.
To exit the calculator, press the CLOSE button. If you accessed
the calculator from the SPECIFICATIONS dialog, you will be
returned to it, otherwise you will be returned to the main
window.
Help
N P S contains on-line help which is available at any time N P S
is running. The help screens are built into N P S. Access to
the Windows Help facility is not required to display N P S help.
Selecting 'Help' from the main menu will pop up a HELP index sub-
menu with the following items: About, General, Materials, Piping
Specs, Registration and ASP Ombudsman.
The About selection displays the same dialog box as the File-
About menu option. Selecting any of the other options will open
the HELP dialog box and display a page of text. The HELP dialog
has 3 buttons: Next, Prev and OK. Clicking on Next or Prev (for
previous) will cycle through all of the help pages. Click on the
OK button to return to the main window.
The General sub-menu selection starts the display at the first
help page. The Materials sub-menu selection starts the display
at the same help screen as the HELP button on the MATERIALS
selection dialog box. The Piping Specs sub-menu selection starts
the display at the same help screen as the HELP button on the
PIPE SPECIFICATIONS dialog box. The Calculations sub-menu
selection starts the display at the same help screen as the HELP
button on the CALCULATOR dialog box. The Registration sub-menu
selection starts the display at the registration information
screen and the ASP Ombudsman sub-menu selection begins at the ASP
ombudsman message screen.
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N P S Users' Guide (version 2.1w)
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DATA FILES
NPS.DTA
The NPS.DTA file contains data on the name, thickness class code,
inside and outside diameter for each nominal pipe size, and the
name and density of each material in inch-pound units. All other
parameters (wall thickness, weight, areas, flow capacity and all
metric values) are calculated from these numbers. Details of the
calculations are summarized in APPENDIX A. The linear weight of
pipe is calculated based on a nominal density for the selected
material. Weights for other materials can be calculated by
changing the pipe material density value on the piping calculator
dialog box.
The data are stored in a proprietary format which cannot be
changed by the user. The data used in N P S has been compiled
from a wide variety of industry standards. While great care has
been taken to ensure the accuracy of the data, Herne Data Systems
Ltd. assumes no liability for errors or omissions.
* * * *
If you have the piping specifications for a material
which is not included in this list, please forward it
to Herne Data Systems Ltd. If we include it in the
next version, we will send you a free update.
* * * *
NPS.INI
The NPS.INI file contains program defaults for the material and
display units. The file is structured according to a standard
Windows .INI file in the format <string>=<value>. Three sections
are currently used:
[NPS v2w]
Defines general program defaults.
PIPETYPE defines the default pipe or tubing material. It is a
positive integer value from 0 to ??. This value is
updated each time you click on SAVE from the MATERIALS
dialog box.
UNITS defines the system of measurement used to display data.
A value of 0 indicates US customary units (inches,
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pounds, feet, US gallons); 1 indicates Imperial (UK)
units (same as US except for Imperial gallons); and 2
indicates metric units (centimetres, litres,
kilograms).
[CALCUNITS]
An integer number which defines the default units for each of the
display fields in the piping calculator dialog box.
OD pipe outside diameter
TH pipe wall thickness
PL pipe length
PD pipe density
ISA pipe inside surface area
ESA pipe external surface area
XS pipe cross sectional area
IV pipe internal volume
WT pipe weight
FD fluid density
FV fluid velocity
VF fluid volume flow
MF fluid mass flow
TW pipe+fluid total static weight
[CALCVAL]
A decimal number which defines the default values for the basic
fields on the piping calculator. Fields not listed are
calculated from these basic fields and/or the selected pipe
properties. The stored values are automatically converted to the
current display units.
PD density of pipe material in pounds/cubic inch
PL pipe length in inches
FD fluid density in pounds/cubic inch
FV fluid velocity in inches/second
* * * *
Thank you for using N P S. Another quality product from
Herne Data Systems Ltd. N P S is also available in a DOS
version. Phone, write or FAX for more information on our
other products.
* * * *
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APPENDIX A: CALCULATION METHODS
The following calculation methods are used in N P S. (All units are
normalized by N P S to ensure dimensional correctness).
wall_thickness = (outside_diameter - inside_diameter) / 2
bore_area = (pi / 4) x (inside_diameter) ^ 2
wall_area = [(pi / 4) x (outside_diameter) ^ 2] - bore_area
linear_weight = wall_area x unit_length x material_density
section_modulus = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)]
-------------------------------------------------
[32 x outside_diameter]
moment_of_inertia = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)]
-------------------------------------------------
64
radius_of_gyration = [(outside_diameter^2) + (inside_diameter^2)] ^0.5
-------------------------------------------------
4
material_density = density of the piping material. For a list of the
densities used, see the HELP screen on the main N P S
program.
vol_flow_capacity = bore_area x flow_velocity
mass_flow_capacity = vol_flow_capacity x water_density
flow_velocity = 1 foot/second for US and Imperial units
= 1 metre/second for Metric units
water_density = 0.03613 pounds/cubic inch for US and Imperial units
= 1 gram/cubic centimetre for Metric units
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The following constants are used for conversions between US, Imperial and
Metric units:
1 foot = 0.3048 metre
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 US gal = 3.785 litres
1 Imp gal = 4.54 litres
1 US petroleum barrel = 42 US gal
1 US liquid barrel = 31.5 US gal
1 pound = 0.454 kg
1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 tonne = 1000 kg
Additional constants used:
pi = 3.14159
NOTE: All calculations are done internally in inch-pound units, then
converted to the appropriate display units.
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APPENDIX B: VERSION HISTORY
Version 2.1 for Windows (94-03-01):
- added linear ID volume to piping specifications dialog
- added piping calculator dialog
Version 2.0 for Windows:
Initial windows release - version 2.0 for DOS converted to Windows
operation. Expanded piping database to over 3000 entries with
addition of instrument tubing.
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